Concrete-waterproofing composition.



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. CARLETON ELLIS, 0F MONTCLAIREITW JERSEY, ASSIGNER TO NEW JERSEY TESTING LABORATORIES, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

CONCRETE-WATERPROOFING OOMPOSITIdN.

No Drawing.

inafter, and as claimed.

It has been customary heretofore to waterproof concrete by means of additions to the mortar or dry cement of such waterproofing agents as petroleum oil, water soluble soaps, clay, hydrated lime, alum, stearate of lime, resinates and the like. Each of these has certain advantages and disadvantages.

The present invention has for its object the production of a composition which is an effective waterproofing agent and is at the same time stable even under severe service conditions, or which carries a corrective in case hydrolysis in slight measure sets in under unusual or disintegrating conditions.

My invention relates especially to the use of the acid sludge or acid oil waste of potroleum refineries, including the various sulfonic, sulfinic and other acid bodies. which are chemically and physically quite different f1 om the class of bodiesknown as the fatty acids. The naphthenic acids, under which term these various sulfo-acids and oxidized acids are herein comprised and denominated formthe main organic acid constituents of acid sludge. Other constituents of the sludge are unchanged or slightly changed oily matter and sulfurous acid; although the sludge varies with diflerent localities and with different oils so that each; lot of the sludge should be tested for composition prior to using as describedherein. The sludge from light oils such as kerosene and naphthas may be used for certain purposes but preferably I employ that derived from the refining of the heavier oils, as these generally speaking have a more pronounced waterproofing effect.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed February 3, 1912. Serial No. 675,216.

Patented Nov. 4, i913.

In preparing the compositions set forth herein I usually first separate as far as possible the water and sulfurous acid which m y be present andI then neutralize or partially neutralize the organic acid bodies with a base which forms 'an-insoluble compound.

Practically I'overneutralize the acid, that is,

add an excess of the basic material. so that the resulting composition is essentially basic and carries the basic salts of the acids referred to. This yields a compound which is better adapted for the present purpose than a strictly neutral salt. It is however usually undesirable to introduce any great excess of the basic element but rather, if filling or extending materials are required to use such bodies as talc or fullers earth and the like. lortland cement-is a useful extending mate rial to assist in securing a desirable degree of pulverulency, and in fact cement may be used as a neutralizing agent. Suitable bases for neutralizing the acid sludge arethe oxids (or other basic compounds) of barium, magnesiurmcalcium, aluminum, iron, lead, zinc and'the like. Preferably a composite body derived by neutralizing with burnt dolomite acid sludge is used. Preferably also a set adjusting and correctivebody tending to prevent or retard hydrolysis under normally disintegrating conditions is introduced. For a composition intended to be used in a pulwhich gives the lime-magnesia compound of i verulent form, a corrective which is.non-

hygroscopic is employed. The class of correctlves includes such soluble salts or bodies as barium chlorid, sodium thiosulfate, basic illustrative formula -is the follow- (part of, acid sludge, one half This composition is ground and bolted if necessary, and one eighth part. of .finely ground barium chlorid is then added. .Another composition is made from one part of acid sludge, one part of dolomite (calcined) and three parts of fullers earth. By wet precipitation with an alum 'solutlon the aluminum salts may be obtained, the acid sludge being first neutralized with sodium carbonate or hydroxid. In con unct1on with the compounds of these peculiar sludge acids other waterproofing bodies may be used if desired, includmg water soluble soaps and the water insoluble soaps of the .fatty acids. The following formula illus- C. or thereabout with constant stirring to give a pulverulent product. Thisis incorporated while still warm. with about 10% of dry powdered sodium aluminum sulfate. Such mixtures containing boththe salts of the naphthenic and stearic acid, oleic acid or like body are useful with certain cement aggregates and especially with white P,ortland cement. When stearic acid or similar fatty acid is combined in this manner with lime in the presence of the naphthenic acid apparently a complex is derived which incorporates more readily in the mortar than the compounds taken singly. This often is desirable especially in the case of some mortar mixtures in which a simple lime soap such as lime stearate-segregates from the wet mixture to a considerable extent. The method of forming the basic bodies in the presence of filling and weighting material, causes, in a large measure, the attachment of the waterproofing compounds to the filling material, from which they are not readily dislodged bv the action of the water in making mortar; hence each of the particles may be thus weighted with. a particle of heavier material which also tends to prevent undesirable flotation. A further addition to such compositions, which may be made for some purposes, is an asphaltic body; also asphaltic oils, tar, pitches such as candle pitch or tar and the like. These additions are of course usually undesirable in white or very light colored cements, but for the darker grades have some utility in certain directions. Preferably a miscible form of the asphaltic or slmilar body should be employed. This conditlon of miscibility may be secured with some asphaltic stock merely by the incorporation of a quantit of hydrated lime. Uusually however the addition of an alkali or better a water soluble soap is required. Potassium oleate or resinate or mixtures of these incorporate readily with alphaltic oils and other asphaltic bodies, especially in the presence of a moderate amount of pine oil or cresylic' acid. These asphaltic or tarry additions are employed to good advantage when the concrete 1s to be subjected to the action of a steamy atmosphere for prolonged periods. 10% to 20% of the miscible asphalt usually suflices for this urpose.

The acid slud ge employed herein is practically a waste product and the present invent1on offers a field of usefulness for this waste material, lending to the cheapening of the cost of materials for concrete waterproofing. The waterproofing of so bulky a material as concrete with expensive agents such as stearic acid or stearate of lime, although only a small percentage of the waterproofer may be called for, becomes a very large and disproportionate item 01 expense 1n the construction of large buildings and the like; and the utilization of a discarded or waste material for the same purpose, accomphshing the same end although functlonlng in a different way, permits of cheaper constructional cost.

A formula illustrative of the specific embodiment herein claimed is as follows Three parts of lime-neutralized artificial acid sludge, one part of asphaltic oil, one part of stearate of llme, 2; part each of barium chlorid and sodium chlorid, and six parts of Portland cement are well incorporated to produce a pulverulent composiion.

It should be understood that besides the sludge material denved from the treatment of oils with acid, the bodies extracted by treatment with alkali may likewise be used.

These maybe obtained in a sufficiently pure form by salting out the lye resulting from alkali purification, or in some cases, salting out is not necessary. The lye composition from light oils as a rule contains less free oil than that from heavy oils, and when only a small proportion of free oil is required in the waterproofing composition the light oil nanhthenates preferably are used.

To recapitulate: My invention relates to a waterproofing composition comprising neutralized acid sludge and the like carrying lime or other base in combination and the particular advantage of such a waterproofing composition is that the presence of the sulfur-containing radical serves to make the naphthenic acid stronger,'as it were, so that its aflinity for lime or other base is ronounced and this quality tends to reduce hydrolysis and to give the material greater resistance to the action of mildly acid water such for example as is produced from the decay of humus.

What I claim is:-

LA waterproofing composition adapted for concrete comprising neutralized acid sludge carrying an alkali-earth base in combination.

2. A Waterproofing composition compris- .1 ing overneutralized acid sludge carrying Witnesses:

lime in combination, admixed with pulveru- BIRDELLA M. ELLIS, lentmaterial. 7. C. BLADEN.

Signed at Montclair in the countK of Es- (it day of. 

